acétone
- Domaine
-
- chimiechimie organique
- Date
Définition :
Liquide incolore, volatil, d'odeur caractéristique, inflammable, provenant de la carbonisation du bois (et plus particulièrement de certaines espèces de feuillus).
Note :
C'est un solvant remarquable de nombreux composés de chimie organique, notamment résines, nitrate et acétate de cellulose, vernis et laques.
Terme :
- acétone n. f.
Terme associé :
- propanone n. m.
Traductions
-
anglais
Date :Définition
The most important member of the ketone series, acetone is a liquid, b.p. 56.5 °C (133 °F), having a faint sweetish odor; its formula is CH3COCH3, comprised of the unsaturated carbonyl group (C=O) with a methyl group at both ends. It is quite a reactive compound, produced and used in tonnage quantities. Industrial production is by oxidation of either cumene, C6H5CH(CH3)2, or of a secondary alcohol (usually isopropyl), and by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates.
Note :
Miscible with water, as well as with organic liquids, its primary use is as a solvent in paints and lacquers, for cellulosic plastics, vinyl polymers, and most gums and waxes. A number of inorganic compounds are also soluble in acetone, for example, potassium iodide. Its high solvent power is applied in many laboratory procedures as a reagent and for extractive analyses in the rubber and plastics fields. The unsaturated compound ketene (CH2CO) is obtained by heat treatment (pyrolysis) of acetone. Acetone is a fire risk, as it vaporizes readily at low temperature; it is relatively nontoxic.
Terme :
- acetone
Termes associés :
- dimethylketone
- dimethyl ketone