distillateur solaire
- Domaine
-
- énergieconversion photothermique
- Date
Définition :
Distillateur fonctionnant à l'énergie solaire et produisant de l'eau douce. L'appareil est composé d'un récipient dont la surface interne est noire pour collecter le maximum de rayonnement thermique, et d'un couvercle transparent. L'eau s'évapore, se condense sur la surface interne du couvercle et s'écoule dans un collecteur. Les sels dissous se concentrent dans l'eau restante qui doit être remplacée périodiquement.
Note :
Le principe du distillateur solaire au fond d'un bac peu profond et bien isolé se trouve l'eau saumâtre; le soleil chauffe cette eau à travers un vitrage, l'eau s'évapore; comme le vitrage est plus froid que l'eau, la vapeur se condense sur la vitre et s'écoule dans une rigole.
Terme :
- distillateur solaire n. m.
Terme associé :
- alambic solaire n. m.
Traductions
-
anglais
Date :Définition
A device which uses solar energy to distil potable water from brackish water or brine.
A device for evaporating seawater, in which water is confined in one or more shallow pools, over which is placed a roof-shaped transparent cover made of glass or plastic film; the sun's heat evaporates the water, leaving behind a residue of salt; the vapor from the evaporated water condenses on the surface of the cover and trickles down into gutters, which thus collect fresh water.
A distillation apparatus consisting of an airtight space through which solar energy penetrates and is partially absorbed by brackish water in a basin at the bottom of the space.Note :
In parts of Australia, the USA, the USSR, Mediterranean and Third World countries, the only sources of water are contaminated with dissolved salts. Other desalination techniques available either involve using scarce fossil fuels or expensive deionization systems. By contrast, solar stills are simple to construct and they use "free" energy. The still comprises a container with a blackened inside surface and a transparent cover - either a raised glass roof, or a plastic film. Solar radiation passing through the transparent cover heats the blackened surface and causes pure water vapour to evaporate from the salt water. (The dissolved salt remains in the liquid water which becomes more concentrated and has to be drained off periodically). The vapour condenses as droplets on the inside of the roof and runs down for collection in a suitable container.
Terme :
- solar still