raisonnement par défaut
- Domaines
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- philosophie théorie de la connaissance
- intelligence artificielle
- Dernière mise à jour
Définition :
Raisonnement qui permet d'effectuer des inférences précaires, ne tenant pas compte des exceptions par exemple, à partir d'informations incomplètes ou incertaines.
Notes :
« Si un animal est un oiseau, alors il peut voler »; ce raisonnement est mis en défaut si l'animal est un pingouin. La règle complète devient dans ce cas : « Si... Alors... À moins que... »
Logique à rattacher à la famille des logiques non monotones.
Termes privilégiés :
- raisonnement par défaut n. m.
- logique par défaut n. f.
- logique des défauts n. f.
Traductions
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anglais
Auteur : Office québécois de la langue française,Notes :
It is a reasoning method based on knowledge of a world in which many assumptions are made. For example, assume that traffic keeps to the right unless otherwise proven. Often includes widely used assumptions such as closed world and unique names. Default reasoning is one of the main methods under investigation for use by intelligent systems in real world problem solving.
Although deductive reasoning from statements that are universally true means that we are certain about all the conclusions that are drawn, it does not provide a knowledge representation scheme that is very useful for representing much knowledge we have about the world. For example, as a general rule, "if something is a bird, then it can fly", is true, but it is not universally true for there are some obvious exceptions, e.g. emus, penguins, birds with broken wings, etc. In order to represent such information, it has been suggested that we express general rules as universal rules but adapt our reasoning procedures. These procedures would now look first for specific exceptions and only if no exceptions were found would they apply a rule. Because rules are only applied in the absence of any specific instances, such a reasoning strategy is called "default reasoning".
The term "default reasoning" has also been used to describe reasoning with a closed world assumption, i.e. facts not stated in the description of a state are assumed to be false.Termes :
- default reasoning
- reasoning by default
- default logic