alcane
- Domaine
-
- chimiechimie organique
- Date
Définition :
Série d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques saturés.
Note :
Ils existent dans le gaz naturel et dans le pétrole brut. La série commence par le méthane (n = 1), puis on trouve l'éthane (n = 2), le propane (n = 3), le butane (n = 4), le pentane (n = 5), etc. Le butane et les suivants peuvent présenter plusieurs formes moléculaires suivant que la chaîne est droite, l'alcane porte le nom d'alcane normale.
Terme :
- alcane n. m.
Terme associé :
- paraffine n. f.
Traductions
-
anglais
Date :Définition
Member of the series of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Also known as paraffins, alkanes, occur naturally in petroleum and natural gas, and include methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane. Butane and higher alkanes (i.e. those with a larger number of carbon atoms) can occur in different molecular forms, depending on whether the carbon skeleton is straight or branched. The form which has the straight carbon chain is known as the normal alkane.
Note :
In general, paraffins are not as reactive as olefins, though substitution of other elements or groups readily occurs along the carbon chain; the term is derived from Latin words meaning "very little affinity". The hydrocarbon chain may be extremely long, with correspondingly high molecular weight; for example, paraffin wax, the distillation end-product of aliphatic petroleum, has a chain composed of 36 carbon atom. Isomeric branched-chain paraffins such as isooctane are used in gasoline; the straight-chain types are unsuitable for gasoline but are used in diesel fuels.
Terme :
- alkane
Terme associé :
- paraffin